United Nations urges relief efforts in Myanmar as earthquake death toll rises

People queue for food and relief supplies after a strong earthquake in Amarapura, Myanmar, April 1, 2025.
| Photo Credit: Reuters

The death toll from last week’s massive earthquake in Myanmar has risen to 3,354, state media said on Saturday (April 5, 2025), as United Nations agencies and foreign aid donors continued to ramp up their emergency relief efforts.

The 7.7 magnitude quake hit a wide swath of the country, causing significant damage to six regions and states including the capital Naypyitaw.

Editorial: Lessons from a quake: on the Myanmar earthquake

The earthquake left many areas without power, telephone or cell connections and damaged roads and bridges, making the full extent of the devastation hard to assess.

It also worsened an already dire humanitarian crisis triggered by the country’s civil war that has internally displaced more than 3 million people and left nearly 20 million in need, according to the United Nations.

Myanmar’s second most powerful quake in history

The military government’s leader, Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, has said the earthquake was the second most powerful in the country’s recorded history after a magnitude 8 quake east of Mandalay in May 1912.

A report in the state-run Global New Light of Myanmar newspaper on Saturday (April 5, 2025) said that the death toll from the March 28 disaster has reached 3,354, with 4,850 injured and 220 missing. It also said rescuers had saved 653 survivors trapped under the debris.

A country torn by war

Myanmar’s military seized power in 2021 from the democratically elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi, sparking armed resistance that is now believed by analysts to control more territory than the army.

Members of the U.N. Security Council “recognised the need to strengthen rescue, relief and recovery efforts and to scale up immediate and rapid humanitarian assistance in response to the requests to help the people of Myanmar, supported by the international community”, its President, Jérôme Bonnafont of France, said in a press statement on Friday (April 4, 2025).

In an apparent reference to the fighting in Myanmar and concerns its military government would block or delay aid to areas under the control of resistance forces, the statement said the council’s members “affirmed the importance of a safe and conducive environment to ensure the timely and effective delivery of life-saving humanitarian assistance to all those in need, without disruption or discrimination”.

Aid sparks an unusual diplomatic flurry

Maj. Gen. Zaw Min Tun, spokesperson for the military government, told media on Saturday (April 5, 2025), as he arrived back from a regional summit held in Bangkok, that prime ministers and officials from attending countries, including India and Thailand, pledged to provide necessary assistance for relief efforts and rehabilitation in quake-hit areas.

“Everyone helped Myanmar that suffered from the earthquake. Everyone sympathized. Everyone understood. Everyone was willing to help. It can be seen everyone working together practically,” Zaw Min Tun said.

He said that 18 countries were providing assistance to affected areas, and more than 60 aircraft had flown in to transport rescuers and relief supplies.

The U.K. allocated a further 10 million pounds (about USD 12.8 million) to the ongoing humanitarian response, its embassy in Yangon said in a statement on Saturday (April 5, 2025), bringing its total to up to 25 million pounds (about USD 32 million) in aid.

There has been an unusual flurry of diplomatic activity in the past few days around Myanmar, usually reluctant to engage with much of the world community.

Min Aung Hlaing and senior members of his government are shunned and sanctioned by many Western countries for their 2021 takeover and human rights abuses. His visit to the meeting in the Thai capital Bangkok was his first to a country other than his government’s main backers — China, Russia and Russian ally Belarus — since he attended another regional meeting in Indonesia in 2021.

Back in Myanmar on Saturday (April 5, 2025), Min Aung Hlaing received Malaysian Foreign Minister Mohamad Hasan, and Thai Foreign Minister Maris Sangiampongsa for discussions about relief assistance from fellow members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and cooperation in health care in quake-affected areas.

Although reports of diplomatic activity focus on earthquake relief, there is awareness that the crisis in Myanmar cannot end until the war there stops, and the country’s neighbours have been leading efforts to find a path for peace, even though neither the military nor its foes have shown any serious effort to negotiate.

A fragile temporary ceasefire

However, the military and several key armed resistance groups have all declared temporary ceasefires on Wednesday (April 2, 2025) in the wake of the earthquake to facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid.

The U.N.’s Human Rights Office on Friday (April 4, 2025) accused the military of continuing attacks, claiming there were more than 60 attacks after the earthquake, including 16 since the ceasefire.

The opposition’s shadow National Unity Government, which leads resistance to army rule, accused on Saturday (April 5, 2025) the military of carrying out 63 airstrikes and artillery attacks since the earthquake, resulting in the deaths of 68 civilians, including one child and 15 women.